Summary about Disease
A breast abscess is a painful collection of pus that forms within the breast. It's usually caused by a bacterial infection, often Staphylococcus aureus. It typically occurs under the skin of the breast.
Symptoms
Pain in the breast, which may be throbbing or constant
Tenderness to the touch
Redness and warmth of the skin over the affected area
Swelling
Fever
Fatigue
Nipple discharge (rare)
Lump in the breast
Causes
Bacterial infection, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus*
Blocked milk duct (especially in breastfeeding women)
Cracked nipples (allowing bacteria to enter)
Mastitis (inflammation of breast tissue) that is left untreated
Piercings on the nipples.
Medicine Used
Antibiotics: Typically broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed to combat the bacterial infection. Common examples include dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The specific antibiotic will be chosen by a doctor based on the likely bacteria causing the infection and any allergies the patient may have.
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and fever.
Is Communicable
No, a breast abscess is not contagious. It is an infection within the breast tissue, not a disease that can be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Good hygiene: Wash hands frequently, especially before and after touching the breast.
Proper breastfeeding techniques: Ensure proper latch to prevent cracked nipples and milk duct blockage.
Prompt treatment of mastitis: Seek medical attention for mastitis early to prevent it from progressing to an abscess.
Avoid nipple trauma: Protect nipples from injury and irritation.
Avoid smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of abscess formation.
Keep the affected area clean and dry.
How long does an outbreak last?
With appropriate treatment (antibiotics and drainage), symptoms typically begin to improve within a few days. Complete resolution can take 1-3 weeks. Without treatment, the abscess can persist and worsen.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical examination: A doctor will examine the breast for redness, swelling, tenderness, and a lump.
Ultrasound: This imaging test can help confirm the presence of an abscess and determine its size and location.
Needle aspiration or incision and drainage: A sample of the fluid from the abscess may be taken for culture to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline can vary, but a general progression is:
Early stages: Breast pain, tenderness, and redness develop gradually.
Progression: Swelling and a distinct lump form. Fever and fatigue may occur.
Advanced stages: The pain becomes more intense, and the skin over the abscess may become thin and shiny. Without treatment, the abscess may rupture spontaneously.
Important Considerations
Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding can usually continue on the unaffected breast. In some cases, breastfeeding on the affected side may be possible after drainage, but consult with a doctor.
Follow-up: It's crucial to follow up with a doctor to ensure the infection is clearing and the abscess is healing properly.
Drainage: Drainage of the abscess is often necessary for complete resolution. This may involve needle aspiration or incision and drainage.
Cancer: Although rare, a breast abscess can sometimes be associated with underlying breast cancer. A doctor will consider this possibility, especially if the abscess doesn't respond to treatment or if other concerning signs are present.